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Arrian writes about Porus, in his own words " One of the Indian Kings called Porus a man remarkable alike for his personal strength and noble courage, on hearing the report about Alexander, began to prepare for the inevitable.
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In return Alexander presented him with "Persian robes, gold and silver ornaments, 30 horses and 1000 talents in gold".Īfter dealing with the Aspasioi and Assakenoi, Alexander crossed the Indus where he was confronted b a ruler known to the Greeks as Πῶρος Pôros (Latin: Porus), whose name suggested that he was a member of the Paurava dynasty (whose founder was supposedly named Puru). He met Alexander with valuable presents, placing himself and all his forces at his disposal. King of Gandhara, Ambhi (Called Taxiles by the Greeks based on his capitol Taxila) heard about Alexander's plunder of Persia and hastened to prevent the wrath of Alexander. Omphis (Indian name Ambhi), the ruler of Taxila, whose kingdom extended up to the Indus, complied, but the chieftains of some hill clans, including the Aspasioi and Assakenoi refused to submit. The campaign took Alexander through Media (NW Persia), Parthia, Aria (West Afghanistan), Drangiana (SW Afghanistan), Arachosia (South and Central Afghanistan), Bactria (North and Central Afghanistan), and Scythia (Central Asia).Īlexander first conquered Bactria and then invited the chieftains of the former Satrap of Gandhara (Eastern Afghanistan and Northern Pakistan), to submit to his authority. Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BC, the city that he planned to establish as his capital. Greek historian say that he turned back at the demand of his homesick troops. Greek historians claim that he won an important victory over the Pauravas at the Battle of the Hydaspes. He subsequently overthrew Persian King Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety.Īfter burning down the ancient city of Persepolis, Alexander sought to reach the "End of the world and the Great Outer Sea" and invaded India in 326 BC. Alexander broke the power of Persia in the decisive battles of Issus and Gaugamela. Persia was a powerful empire that had attacked Greece multiple times. I intend to challenge that notion with this blog and make a case that Alexander was defeated in Punjab in 326 BC and escaped India badly bruised and in disarray. It is claimed that he was undefeated in battles and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders. Alexander III of Macedon (20 July 356 BC – 10 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, Aléxandros ho Mégas Koine Greek, was a king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He launched unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and created one of the largest empires of the ancient world by the age of thirty, stretching from Greece to Northwestern India.